FREUDIAN INTERPRETATION OF OTHELLO

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One philosophy from which Shakespeare's Othello can be interpreted is Freudian. This philosophy is based upon the work of Sigmund Freud, a prominent, yet controversial psychoanalyst of the early 0th century. His philosophy is based on his division of the mind and personality.

Freud separated mental experience into three categories the conscious, preconscious and unconscious. The conscious mind is that in which we see and interpret the world. The preconscious mind is all the memories and desires which we aren't currently conscious of, but that we can quickly recall if we want to. The unconscious mind consits of desires and impulses of which we are not aware. Freud believed that the main motivations behind all human behaviours are drives from our unconscious brain.

The Freudian philosophy segregates personality into the ego, the id and the superego. The id is the biological side of the personality, driving the organism to survive to eat, drink, keep warm etc. The ego is basically the organism's reason. It allows it to solve problems, so that it can satisfy the desires of the id. The organism's superego is the organism's memories, divided into the conscience and the ego ideal. The conscience records the cautions and penalties the organism has received, while the ego ideal remembers the organism's positive experiences and rewards.

Sometimes, however, the ego is overwhelmed by the demands placed on it by reality, biology (the id) and society (the superego). When this happens, according to Freud, the ego blocks or distorts painful thoughts and desires, so they cease to harm the ego. There are many different defense systems used by the ego. The main one is repression. Repression is when certain traumatic events cannot be recalled by the conscious mind, but feelings of anxiety are brought up when faced with similar traumas.

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The Freudian philosophy can be applied to the play, Othello.

During actscene 1, Iago insinuates Desdemona's unfaithfulness, and Othello takes the bait. From the Freudian view, Iago manipulates Othello as a result of never having resolved his Oedipal crisis. Othello demonstrates the projection of desires and emotions onto others, in order to defend his ego from the aspects of himself that he would rather not acknowledge.

Throughout this scene, Iago revels in destroying Othello's marriage. He continually degrades Desdemona for infidelity and insults women in general, commenting on their immorality "their best conscience/Is not to leave't undone, but keep't unknown." This shows Iago's general contempt for women. Also throughout this scene, Iago obsessively refers to his love for Othello "My lord, you know I love you," "what is spoke comes from my love." He even fantisises about Cassio "I lay with Cassio lately," going on to describe what appears to be a homosexual fantasy about him "…then laid his leg over my thigh and sighed and kissed…" Iago's hatred for women, love for Othello and mind capacity for erotic homosexual fantasy all suggest that Iago is in fact a homosexual. This homosexuality, in the Freudian view, could drive his will destroy Desdemona and ruin her and Othello's marriage. Iago's primary motive is his jealousy of Desdemona's success with Othello, as Iago himself is in love with the General. According to Freud, this homosexual orientation would result from a failure to resolve the Oedipal complex in childhood. As a child, Iago lusted after his mother, rivaling his father for her attention.Rather than displacing his desire from his mother to other females, he displaced this desire onto males. This occurred because of his inability to identify with the aggressor (his father). This may have occurred for a number of reasons, but the result is ahomosexual orientation that lasts throughout adulthood.

Othello here is quick to pick up on the insinuations Iago makes about Desdemona. In this scene, Othello is the one who reaches conclusions about her and CassioIago never actually accuses them of an affair. This shows that Othello's mind is predisposed to jealousy, as he goes from absolute faith in his wife to an absolute conviction of her guilt in just 7 lines. In line 185 he says, "Nor from mine own weak merits will I draw/The smallest fear or doubt of her revolt." By line 64 he's saying, "She's gone I am abused." According to Freud, seeing desires in other people generally results from an inability to accept such desires within oneself. The likely cause of the rapid fruition of Othello's jealousy is therefore a denial of his own desires. Othello probably lusts after someone else, but, seeing the immorality in his desire, failed to accept that it ever crossed his mind. To defend his ego he projected these desires onto his wife, becoming very suspicious of her interactions with others. Othello then convinces himself of his wife's infidelity by displacing a hatred of himself onto Desdemona. He broods about his race, poor language and age, saying "…I am black/And have not those soft parts of conversation/That chamberers have…I am declined/Into the vale of years…" This demonstrates self-loathing. When he goes on to say "my relief/Must be to loathe her," he means (consciously or unconsciously) that his ego must defend itself by transferring this hatred onto Desdemona. Othello is therefore making his personal unease less threatening by hating Desdemona instead of himself.

In act 5 scene , Othello murders his wife as justice for her infidelity, only to find out that she was innocent, wherein he murders himself. By the Freudian philosophy, in killing her, Othello projects his death instinct out towards Desdemona, and exercises his will for regression when killing himself.

Before Desdemona's murder, Othello speaks of the peace and beauty of death. He speaks of Desdemona's skin as being "smooth as monumental alabaster." Referring to Desdemona as though she were a stone monument suggests his desire to make her still and everlasting, with no more needs or desires. Stone statues are unchanging objects, that remain for centuries without requiring food or desiring other men. In Freud's view, murdering others is an outward projection of an unconscious desire to die. So Othello himself wanted to die, but in projecting his self-hatred to Desdemona, also projected his death instinct.

After murdering Desdemona, Othello shows remorse and devastation, "O Desdemon! Dead Desdemon! Dead! O! O!" Being faced with the stress of unjustly murdering the one he loves, Othello executes justice upon himself. By the Freudian philosophy, when one is faced with stress, they can find relief in regressing to a previous psychological time. By committing suicide, Othello is regressing to a previous psychological timethe time before he was born. The stress of the murder therefore lead him to retreat to the time before birth, where he felt safe and secure. This regression is also a manifestation of the death instinct. In killing himself, Othello projected his death instinct towards himself.

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Coram boy

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¡§A memorable character live with us always' ; Otis Gardiner in Coram Boy lives with us forever.Otis Gardiner in Coram Boy by Jamila Gavin is the most unforgettable character.Otis Gardiner, as known as Philip Gaddarn, his characteristic was special.His words, descriptions and his jobs show his personality.His relationships with his son and the others show his cruelty and his narrow mind.His reinvention and his trade show very remarkable changes in the novel.Everything he does show the way he lives, the way he has always been and his memorability.

Otis Gardiner shows his insolence and impatience in the first words of the book.Readers realise that Otis is a harsh, unforgiving and cruel man from the words he spoken.His words and the way he shouts shows one side how Otis acts.However, readers are told that Otis also has another face that he always shows.Otis could be a very mean man, but he also ¡§could be so attractive, so charming, so sweetly spoken.A young man still, he had wide, appealing, brown eyes and shoulder length red-brown hair drawn back to show off his broad, handsome brow.'Clearly, he is described as a two faced man who can shows two very different characters.He also shows his social skills as he is a very good salesman.¡§By flirting with the wives, bantering with the gentlemen, demonstrating magic tricks to little children, he could persuade a customer to part with twice as much money as they should¡K'Otis is very persuasive, and he is very good at communicate with people.From the first description, we can notice that Otis is a very complex character.

Otis gets his living by calling himself the Coram Man.He always works with his son, Meshak.¡§Part of his father's business as a travelling man was to collect abandoned, orphaned and unwanted children¡K'Otis is known as a pots man, a charity man, and a Coram Man.Women beg him for taking their babies away, and take them to the Coram Hospital.Otis gets paid by promise taking their babies to the Coram Hospital.After he collects the abandoned babies that he gets from the mothers, he ¡§dig a hole deep enough to submerge the bundles.Foxes would do the rest.He wouldn't have bothered burying them had he not taken money for them and given undertakings.'Otis is a cruel and cold blooded man.He buried babies who have died as well as babies who were still alive.As he is an evil murderer, he is also a blackmailer.He asked for more and more money constantly from mothers who have given their babies to him.

Otis always thinks he is ¡§cursed with a son'.Meshak is forced by Otis to dispose of babies that were collected by him.The communication between them is really bad.Otis never cares about his son, but his money.They don't express their feelings to each other.Otis does not educate Meshak much as he treats Meshak as his slave.When Otis works, he always takes Meshak with him. ¡§Otis liked to have his 'idiot' son up next to him during certain transactions.It gave him an air of being a devoted and caring father; a man you could trust and entrust with secrets. Meshak dutifully climbed up next to him.'Meshak do everything that his father told him.Although Otis dislikes his son, he did not abandon him.At the end of the novel, Otis meets his son surprisingly.Otis decides not to kill his son once again.¡§'Take this one to America,' he pointed to Meshak, 'but do what you like with the other two¡K''.Otis is a powerful man, he can decide what his son is going to spend the rest of his life.Meshak knows his father is not a kind man, but he still trusts his dad at last.

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Otis is a very complex person that the relationships between him and the others are very unforgettable.Otis conceals the other side of his character.He is a mean person with a very narrow mind that he always use different ways to treat different people.He has many secrets with the others that he knows who he can rely on.He has some unknown businesses with Mrs. Lynch.He knew he could take many advantages from Mrs. Lynch.As he is a well known Coram Man, he also needs a 'partner' in the Coram Hospital, Sarah Wood.Otis ¡§kept all babies from well-to do families¡K¡KIt has been Otis' idea that Sarah Wood should take in the infants he brought to the back door instead of the front¡K' This is part of Otis' business, and he uses the others for his own goods.He always takes advantages from the others, and readers can know more about his character from the relationship between Otis and the others.

Readers know very well about Otis Gardiner in the first part of the novel.In the second part, Otis appears in another identity.He is known as Mr. Philip Gaddarn, and he looks like a gentleman.He doesn't change what he used to do.He is still a blackmailer, and he also sells children especially Coram boys and girls.Otis's change is perfect, and nobody even suspect until Otis and Meshak meet after a long period of time.Meshak stays in the Coram hospital with Aaron since he left his father.At the very end of the novel, Otis (Mr. Gaddarn) meets Meshak and he starts to worry.Mr. Gaddarn ¡§wanted to believe that Meshak was of no danger to him but it was unfinished business and, until he knew where he was, he felt threatened to the quick.He must get the lad back in his power or dispose of him.'Otis's reinvention is the biggest secret that cannot be known by anyone else.¡§Otis Gardiner had admitted killing all babies he had collected that day from the district ¡V and even he was long dead, hanged from the gallows at the crossroads and left to rots as an example.' Otis has known be to dead, but he change his identity to Mr. Gaddarn and this saves his life.This is the reason that no one must about this but he can't make sure that his simpleton son won't find out the truth.

Otis's trade is one of the main parts of the novel.In the beginning, he collects children and money from their mothers, and he buried them.After his reinvention, he still gets his living in a similar way.He doesn't kill children immediately, but he sells them as slaves.He sells Coram Girls as well as boys.Usually, he deals with some partners and also middlemen.¡§¡KI want three hundred pounds minimum¡Kthe Coram girls will not be only be pure as the day they were born, but free of disease and educated as well.Not just riff-raff¡KI'll guarantee Coram girls.Boys too.I want no less than three hundred pounds a head for them.If any of them is found to be diseased or imperfect in mind or body, they can have their money back¡K'Otis expects high paid from the buyers and he can also forge some documents and giving false addresses to the Coram hospital as records.

The ending with Otis happens quietly.As Philip Gaddarn is also known as Otis, he ¡§vanished just like Otis Gardiner had'.He ¡§had never been caught to face justice'.

Meshak, Aaron and Toby are sold as slaves and at last, Toby and Aaron are thrown into the sea sadly, but it doesn't mean that they are died.Otis doesn't kill his son and the children immediately, but he decided to sends his own son far away from him.

At last, Otis leaves everything silently.Jamila Gavin did not express a very strong feeling of the endings of Otis.Readers may have their own feelings and different people may have different opinions on the ending of the novel.

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How Important Is Religion In Explaining The Differences Between Civilisations?

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The term and definition of a 'civilisation' is one that has been debated and questioned time and again. For an individual to find a one true definition of the word civilisation is almost impossible. A civilization is a cultural entity. "Regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, and religious groups all have distinct cultures, and all of these play a part in shaping a civilization. Civilizations are created from groups of people who share common religions, values, ethnicities, and historical memories, or are brought together geographically." (Rosen.H) Civilisations are difficult to define because they are by nature slippery; not only are they large, amorphous entities but they also change over time, shedding and acquiring not only characteristics but also geographical regions.'(Melleuish G).

Some academics believe that we will never be able to exactly define what civilisations are. This is because they are large entities that change considerably acquiring new characteristics, and changing geographically over time. It is hard for anyone to define civilisation, and even harder to fit a certain group of people in any definition of civilization.The lines dividing civilisations are often blurred, and it is increasingly difficult to divide the world into certain civilisations.

Basic to the human condition is the need to explain.Humanity has always had a sense of the

Supreme being.There is not a culture in the world, now or in the past that has not had some concept of a supreme being.This is why there is a tendency for people to define civilisations by religion. People need to define their situation and give it boundaries, and do the same for other situations. Using religion can be a way of achieving this.

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Religion is used to explain many things about person and cultures behaviour. It is very easy for someone to use religion to explain what makes one people group (and its sense of civilisation) go to war in an effort to conquer another people group. Religion has often determined the social order within a civilisation, and may help some people to define themselves.However using religion to define civilisation can be ineffective.

Huntington in his article "The Clash of Civilisations" argues that Civilisations should be resistant to change and have no desire to convert top the religion of another civilisation. Melleuish however points out "we are living through one of the great ages of missionary activity" (Melleuish, 000). Most people do not follow the same religion as their ancestors had 000 years ago.

Throughout history, religions have had a tendency to jump civilisations.The Middle East was once a Christian stronghold, and Spain was once an Islamic state.This is no longer the case however, yet there are still civilisations in the Middle East and Spain.

People can and have often used religion to define civilisations to put groups of people a certain group, and use religion to explain cultures behaviour.Dividing Civilisations by religion is at a glance, is a very simple solution to a complex problem, however it ignores many important factors, which are vital in determining a civilisation. One issue that exposes tribulations with the use of religion, as a catalyst for differentiation is the multicultural nature of allot of today's nations.

People talk about the Islamic world or the Western world which is often defined to be the Christian world.Civilizations are very hard to divide by religion, given the diversities within each society as well as the linkages among different countries and cultures.

One example of this would be India. India is often described as a Hindu civilization. However, India has the third largest Muslims population in the world after Indonesia and Pakistan.It is futile to try to understand Indian art, literature, music, food or politics without seeing the extensive interactions across barriers of religious communities.These include Hindus and Muslims, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs, Parsees, Christians Jews, and even atheists and agnostics. (Sen.A)

Throughout history, religion has been used as motivation during times of war. People are encouraged to fight under a religious banner, such as when soldiers under the banner of Catholicism took control of Spain, which at the time was an Islamic state.Another example is the battle of Lepanto, in which the holy league, made up of many Christian nations, fought under the banner of the cross against the Ottomans who fought under the banner of the crescent moon of Islam.Religion was used in these cases to separate the two civilisations, and to motivate the forces by giving them the impression that a divine power was protecting them and helping them in battle.

Using Religion as a way of dividing civilisations is a very inaccurate way of dividing the world.Throughout history, Muslims have fought Muslims and forged alliances with Christians.Christians have fought Christians and Forged alliances with Muslims.

Throughout history, the two religions have clashed, or more accurately, people who follow their respective religions have clashed due to their different views. However, it is human nature to fight against things that are different. Wars have been fought over ideals, economic systems and views on slavery.

Dividing Civilisations by religion is at a glance, a very simple solution to a complex problem. It is a way for people to define their environment, which may seem simple, however it ignores many important factors, which need to be considered if one is to define a civilisation. There are other factors that are of equal or greater importance that need to be considered, such as "the cultural aspects of the civilisation, economic factors, alliances with other nations, positioning on the globe and so on." (Pember. B) Religion alone is an insufficient method of differentiating between civilisations.

There is no doubt that using religion as a way for differentiation between civilisations and cultures is important and valuable. However, "using religion alone will not be desirable as there are many problems and flaws that need to be answered by other means. Things like the population make up of the nation, the ease of transfer and change of religion and the ability of religion to change civilisations leave holes in the use of religion that can only be answered by other means."(Pember. B) The way a civilisations culture has developed, its history, its advancements and its attitudes towards other civilisations all help define a civilisation.

Civilisations come out of interaction of human culture and their environments.Plasticity of human response to situations they have to face, environmental circumstances within which they have to live.

Please note that this sample paper on How Important Is Religion In Explaining The Differences Between Civilisations? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on How Important Is Religion In Explaining The Differences Between Civilisations?, we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom college paper on How Important Is Religion In Explaining The Differences Between Civilisations? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Chemistry in Human

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Everyday, when you get up in the morning, you keep doing the thing you always do¡­ go to bathroom, wash your face, put on your cloth, finish you breakfast in seconds¡­ But how many of you have ever though about what exactly you are doing, or why you do that, what will happen after you do those things.

Nobody really cares about those. They just say those are the things that you have to do. Human body is the most amazing thing in the world.Once they really understand what's going on, they will say¡± WoW! ¡± To tell you the truth, it is all about Chemistry. Here is some research I did for chemistry in human body, let's say ¡°WoW¡± together.

In our life the most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen and oxygen built up water, which is the most important compound in life. In human body, 7% is water. Earth the planet we are living on is often called the water planet because about 70 percent of it is covered by water. Water is transparent which allows light to filter into the oceans. This allows for aquatic plants to absorb light and perform photosynthesis. Since the ancestor of all plants originated in the ocean, the transparency of water has had an immeasurable influence on life as we know it. Water is also cohesive, that is it binds to itself, due to the polarity of the water molecule. The positive, hydrogen side of the molecule binds to the negative, oxygen side of another water molecule. This bond is called a hydrogen bond thus, a glass of water could be considered one giant molecule, because all of the water molecules inside of it are bonded to one another. This property allows for transport of water against gravity in plants. Water is the universal solvent because it is capable of dissolving many organic and inorganic particles. All the reactions in cells must take place in aqueous solution. Waters polarity also inhibits movement of its molecules. Since all the molecules are connected, they cannot freely move about as other, nonpolar molecules do. Heat, the kinetic energy of molecules, is thus restricted and so water has a high specific heat (it must absorb large amounts of energy in order to change states). This means that water can serve as a temperature insulator, and does so in organisms of all kinds. For example, our bodies use water in for of sweat to lower body temperature. The sweat absorbs a large amount of heat, and then evaporates carrying that heat away from the body.

Also there is a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms including nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium. Nitrogen is a major element of proteins and nucleic acid (for DNA and RNA). Calcium is necessary for bone and tooth formation, blood clotting, and nerve impulse transmission. Phosphorus is also used for bone and tooth formation, and to balance acid and base concentrations in the body. Iron is a part of hemoglobin, a molecule needed to carry oxygen in the blood. Sodium balances both of water in the body and acid/base concentration. It also functions in nerve function.

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In our organic body, enzymes act a very important roll. An enzyme is a globular protein functioning as a biological catalyst. An active site is the site on the surface of an enzyme to which substrate or substrates bind. An enzyme has an active site that fits with one specific substrate, like a lock and key. Enzymes as Biological Catalysts In cells and organisms most reactions are catalyzed by enzymes, which are regenerated during the course of a reaction. These biological catalysts are physiologically important because they speed up the rates of reactions that would otherwise be too slow to support life. Enzymes increase reaction rates--- sometimes by as much as one million fold, but more typically by about one thousand fold. Catalysts speed up the forward and reverse reactions proportionately so that, although the magnitude of the rate constants of the forward and reverse reactions is are increased, the ratio of the rate constants remains the same in the presence or absence of enzyme. Since the equilibrium constant is equal to a ratio of rate constants, it is apparent that enzymes and other catalysts have no effect on the equilibrium constant of the reactions they catalyze. Enzymes increase reaction rates by decreasing the amount of energy required to form a complex of reactants that is competent to produce reaction products. This complex is known as the activated state or transition state complex for the reaction. Enzymes and other catalysts accelerate reactions by lowering the energy of the transition state. The free energy required to form an activated complex is much lower in the catalyzed reaction. The amount of energy required to achieve the transition state is lowered; consequently, at any instant a greater proportion of the molecules in the population can achieve the transition state. The result is that the reaction rate is increased.For all enzymes, there is an optimum temperature at which the maximum amount of collisions occur in the active sites. As the temperature decreases, there is less movement and fewer collisions, so enzyme activity decreases. There is a limit to which the enzyme activity can increase because at a certain temperature the enzymes denature. This means that the enzyme changes shape and no longer fits with its substrate. Also, as the substrate concentration increases, so does the enzyme activity, but there is also a limit to the increase in enzyme activity because there is a limit to how quickly the enzymes can catalyze each reaction. There is a specific pH at which the enzyme will denature, and so pH also plays a part in enzymatic activity. Enzymes are found in all tissues and fluids of the body. Intracellular enzymes catalyze the reactions of metabolic pathways. Plasma membrane enzymes regulate catalysis within cells in response to extra cellular signals, and enzymes of the circulatory system are responsible for regulating the clotting blood. Almost every significant life process is dependent on enzyme activity. Now you can see the importance of enzyme.

At last let's talk about the most important system in human body¡ªthe nerve system. Basically it is about the concentration of Ca+ and K+ in you neuron, to produce a electric potential. The electric potential passes down to synapse, open the calcium channel to let the calcium ion flow into the presynaptic neuron. The calcium ions induce the neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse to the presynaptic membrane. Neurotransmitters bind to neurotransmitter receptors on the post-synaptic membrane. This depolarizes the membrane and induces an action potential in the post synaptic neuron. The neurotransmitters are finally released by the neurotransmitter receptors and are either broken down by acetyl cholinesterase on the post synaptic membrane, or taken back up into the presynaptic neuron. The calcium that transferred created a new electric potential that pass on.

Amazing, isn't it? Studying chemistry will let you see how the world is going, what is happening. And also let you to know yourself better. Everything happening around you, around the world, is basically chemistry. So it makes chemistry one of the most important science subjects of all!

Please note that this sample paper on Chemistry in Human is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Chemistry in Human, we are here to assist you.Your cheap custom college paper on Chemistry in Human will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Two Faces of the Human Condition

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When it comes to golf comedies, not a very popular genre surely, I'm sure the first thought that comes to mind is the dubious pinnacle of Rodney Dangerfields ¡°Caddyshack¡±. The new release, ¡°Happy Gilmore¡± featuring Saturday Night Live host Adam Sandler, tries gamely to attain ¡°Caddyshacks¡± level. And though it may not be very inspiring to some viewers, however you can certainly expect witty confrontations¡­and for it to leave you chuckling at the¡­well perhaps the plain absurdity of the film. This is because ¡°Happy Gilmore¡± is a film of sophisticated wit, subtle nuances, deftly delivered humour, and carefully crafted characters.

Goodafternoon Ladies and Gentlemen, fellow executives and the board of directors of Network Ten. My name is Carol Chan and it is my absolute pleasure to be here this afternoon, on behalf of Robert Simonds, to promote his newest production, a comedy titled ¡°Happy Gilmore¡±. As a sales executive for Universal Pictures, I have thoroughly researched your television station and understand that your channel attracts viewers by entertaining them with movie nights, previewing a ¡°hit¡± film. Network Ten is particularly renowned for screening popular soapies and films to maintain the viewer's attention for your station. Without a doubt, the relevance of this movie, together with the various cleverly created comedy techniques and light-hearted humour situated within, will certainly be a big hit as an inclusion for your stations' schedule. Broadcasting this movie would definitely be a profitable proposal and will assuredly benefit your ratings by increasing them phenomenally!!!

As you may have realised, movies play a major role in society today. Considering that they build extensive structures, known as cinemas ofcourse, just to present these quick flicks that last only a measlyhours, wouldn't you have to agree with me that these creations obviously are popular and demanding in society today? Now, my purpose here today isn't to convince you into constructing cinemas or something, BUT for you to realise the significance of films and broadcasting them, ¡°Happy Gilmore¡± in particular, would definitely advantage your network. Films tend to have the advantage of capturing the viewer's attention as it does not require, like soapies or dramas, an understanding from previous episodes. Classified as a PG film, with parental guidance recommended, this movie can be featured as a family film, one that can be shared within the members of the household. ¡°Happy Gilmore¡± will without doubt fulfil the standards and requirements for a satisfying family film in society today.

Let me provide you now with a brief excerpt from this film, one that will immediately introduce you to the main actor, Adam Sandler, otherwise known as Happy Gilmore. Just by viewing the introduction to this film, it is obvious that it will evolve around stupidity and humour. The storyline proceeds with Happy attempting to pursue his ideal career as a hockey player, and obviously, he doesn't succeed. However, soon discovering his inner skill and potential he has for golf as a career, he engages this potential to make big money through participating in golf tournaments by making a strike with his dominating swings that last for 400 foot drives- not an easy task indeed. Through his tournaments, he meets his attractive PR girlfriend Virginia, played by Julie Bowen and provokes the arrogant golf pro Shooter, played by Christopher McDonald. He who is embarrassed by the presence of such an uncouth player takes immoral actions to undermine Gilmore's chances of winning, as he feels pressured and endangered by his presence. Although it doesn't cover broad themes, however it provides as a great source of comedy entertainment¡­one that can be trusted for golf entertainment especially.

Cheap Custom Essays on The Two Faces of the Human Condition

This movie will definitely attract kids viewing because it is a goofy movie starring Adam Sandler who will be a big draw in particular. As recognised from his previous crackers, like Billy Madison, it is evident that Sandler has some aptitude for physical comedy and energy thats undeniable. ¡°Happy Gilmore¡± utilises satire in particular to provoke amusement. Exploiting golf players and the sport golf as a whole, the film changes the stupidity and boredom of this sport into laughter. Happys' bits on the course in particular satirises golf through his swings and clothing, which also proved to be the best part of the film, as Im sure everyone whos attempted to master the game has wanted to scream at the ball like Happy does. It then exhibits the frustration by including profanity, where two prolonged scenes of televised coverage of Happy's golf game bleeps out a barrage of f and s words that are partially heard, concealed by ¡°beeps¡±. Notwithstanding, the grossly exaggeration of Happys swings, which in turn serves as a source of constant amusement, sends the golf ball soaring in the sky like a blasting rocket, over the green hills and mountains then landing either through a window, or a hole in one!!! And who can forget the ridiculous inclusion of slapstick or farce settings in the ¡°Bob Barker VS Gilmore¡± scene where punches and kicks are thrown from head to toe. This scene also includes parody, making the original version seem ridiculous, which in this case being a short take off of ¡°Texas Chainsaw Massacre¡±. Nevertheless the techniques included creating humour works effectively as it leaves the viewer chuckling over the proposed scenes.

I would strongly suggest for you to schedule this film on weekends, of which Friday nights would be most desirable as this is the most appropriate time for family gatherings, in particular family movies. A time perhaps around 8.00 or 8.0 would be ideal for the featuring of this film because this is when family members are together, perched on the couch to enjoy the movie. Without doubt, between 7.00-8.0 timeslot would be most demanding, as this is the time when most viewers are attracted and switched onto the TV program. Therefore, it is strongly recommended for the film to be situated towards 8.00pm, following the smash hit soapies and dramas. This will entice viewers to be attached to your program, which accordingly increases your ratings for the night. It is obvious that this film is targeted towards everyone, as it seems appealing for both the young and old. Thus there are no set targeted audiences, as there are no restrictions towards the viewers for this movie, as I'm sure everyone will enjoy this film despite their age.

In concluding to this presentation, I strongly urge you to consider this proposal. Everyone is easily seduced by comedy films, and this time, by including the wacky Adam Sandler, will assuredly boost the attraction of this film for your viewers. Ultimately as I've mentioned before, this would most certainly be a profit for your organisation as it would definitely increase your ratings significantly. On behalf of Universal Pictures, I thank-you very much for your time and patience in allowing me this opportunity to be here today, as we patiently await for your kind consideration- Thankyou.

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Bali: POV

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The Red Cross' bombing bombshell

The Red Cross' handling of the Bali Funds served to

undermine what could have been a key moment in

the Australian people's attitude to giving.

Help with essay on Bali: POV

October the 1th 00 saw the most direct and aggressive terrorist attack on Australia ever. For days after the now infamous Bali Bombing, Australian television screens were littered with images of brothers and sisters and mothers and fathers being pulled out of wreckage, bearing injuries that they will live with forever. These images touched something deep within the Australian psyche because in the two weeks following the atrocious attacks, the benevolent members of our community donated over $14 million to the Red Cross fund for Bali victims. The Red Cross promised that this money would be used in providing direct assistance to the victims. However, the Red Cross failed in keeping this promise for only a small portion of the funds was distributed among survivors. This betrayal of the public's trust has destroyed what could have been a pivotal moment in Australia's attitude to giving.

Australians are proud of their reputation for looking after the 'battler'we have all heard John Howard express his compassion for the 'battlers' among us. But this may not necessarily be the case. Compare Australia to America who, by contrast, is perceived to admire the wealthy and mistreat the downtrodden. In reality, however, America gives 1% of GDP to charity compared to Australia's measly .5% of GDPso much for the 'battler'.

Australians have a deeply held view that those in need seek help from the public purse. This is a result of a historically generous welfare system. Governments over the past century have developed systems of welfare for single mothers, the unemployed, disadvantaged, homeless and for those whose parents have died serving the country. Although these schemes are noble and supportive, they have developed within Australians the idea that those in need will always get a crutch from the government. This is not always the case. In the Bali situation, government compensation was barely enough to support victims, some of who needed to purchase limbs costing upwards of sixty thousand dollars.

After the Bali bombings, however, Australians gave healthy amounts of money in a short period of time, which, given the preceding statistic, was highly out of character for the Australian people. As such, the Bali bombing could have served as a turning point in Australians' attitude towards humanitarian causes. The way the Red Cross handled the donated money served to undermine what was a key moment in the Australian attitude to giving.

People today are less likely to answer a distressed scream in a nearby alley, and there is only a slight chance that anyone is going to help you if you are being mugged on the way home from work. Over the past thirty years, our society has become more individualistic and insular. But the Bali bombing changed this. Our attitudes to others changed. We cared more about other peoples' conditions than we usually do, which gave our community a more unified feeling. But this was damaged by the misdoings of the charity that was, for a short period of time, the centre point of this social unity.

In the weeks and months that followed the accumulation of funds, the Red Cross promised that it would spend 0 per cent of the money donated in providing direct assistance to the victims. But only a fraction of the $14 million was administered to victims. $ thousand was used in assisting victims residing in Bali and $. million in Australia. Along with $400 thousand administrative costs and $8 thousand used to fund research for future blast victims, we still have $11 million unaccounted for.

An organisation that has always been a pillar in the area of community service and charity that depends on donations from the public, cannot afford such a fiasco within their organisation. It was incredible that in a world where charities spend fifty to eighty cents of every dollar on advertising and administrative costs so many Australians donated their hard-earned money. The Red Cross is a world-renowned organisation that has, since World War II, helped many people in need. Because of this fiasco it would be surprising if Australians ever donate on such a magnitude again. The Red Cross needed to be more open in telling donors about the funds. To merely shrug off those diligent enough to inquire with phrases like we're still working with the government to allocate funds and the money has nearly run out is simply unacceptable.

The Australian government should have played a role in this fiasco by inquiring into the Red Cross' financial dealings. American state governments keep charity registration records and assess financial dealings of charities at random times during the year. This is done in order to make sure these organisations stick to their charters and keep within the legal limits on the use of donors' money for administrative costs. Ourgovernment should adopt a system similar to the Americans' to make sure such a debacle never happens again. Perhaps a government charity watchdog like this would promote donating by guaranteeing that aid organisations will stick to their mission statements.

The Red Cross' handling of the Bali money has been atrocious and the wider social implications will be more far reaching than anything else. Wounds will heal, compensation will be found. But Australians may never give as much again. This was a pivotal moment in our philanthropic history and it was ruined by an organisation that thousands of Australians trusted. This issue will also damage Australians' trust in other charities. Next time a trust is set up to help blast victims who have lost limbs, or war widows, or even single mothers trying to make ends meet, Australians will be questioning the trust they place in these organisations and questioning the amount they donate.

Phileas Fogg,

Burlington Gardens

Statement of IntentionA piece intended to present a point of view persuasively

The Bali bombings was a devastating event that has affected Australians more directly than any other terrorist attack - which is why it shocked me so that the Red Cross could 'misplace' so much money raised for the victims, in the name of the victims. Furthermore, I felt that this fiasco has undermined what could have been a key moment in Australian's attitude to giving. The Red Cross added revolt to injury.

With this basis and the amount of information in the media, this issue was a perfect one to write a point of view on. Although, my particular piece must be taken in the context of the week or so after the victims appeared in the media demanding money [May to early June] because the Red Cross later responded and somewhat settled the issue of the whereabouts of the money.

This point of view ended up reading like an opinionated editorial you would read in The Age or a subdued extended letter to the editor, also found in The Age; so the intended audience is going to be the same (readers of The Age).

I chose to focus on the social implications of this fiasco, opposed to the human side (which is something that the Herald Sun may concentrate on; not that there's anything wrong with that). No particular persona has been adopted, despite the name at the bottom of the article. Besides, I don't recall a 1th century literary character being the editor of The Age.

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President Bushay

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President Bush has planned to speed the introduction of generic versions of brand name drugs.The bill was unanimously passed by the Senate Health committee on June 11th of this year.The induction of generic versions of these brand named drugs would add $1 million to the Food and Drug's Administrations wallet which will thus allow the hiring of more employees.

Generic drugs would be beneficial to patients and over the counter users because it will be much cheaper than its brand name counterparts. Much of the elderly community has complained about the high costs of brand-named drugs.Hence, the only ones who are woefully against Bush's proposal is the drug industry. This bill would penalize companies who make pacts with the makers of the brand-name drugs who try to slow the process of the introduction of its generic counterparts.

Bush's proposal is a response to the brand-named companies who are trying to obtain a patent or exclusive rights to the most high-selling drugs to the population.This aggressive tactic by the brand-name companies is also a response to some high-selling drugs losing its patent protection and many of the drug labs who manufacture these brand-named drugs are going through a dry spell.An even more scary thought for the brand-named companies is the statistic that the highest selling brand-named drugs who produce $1 billion in sales are expected to lose its patent protection by 005, according to the NDC Health, a company that provides health information to the masses.Sales of the brand named drugs will seriously plummet with the introduction of competing generic drugs, allowing not only hospitals but consumers, alternative options to choosing what kind/type of drug they are willing to purchase, with various price points to entice them.Generic drug makers need to take into account that if they were to ever

make a deal with the brand-named companies to delay the production of generi drugs, it would lose its right to produce that generic drug.

Custom Essays on President Bushay

Bush's Child Tax Cut

The White House is asking for a speedy resolution to the conflict over the child tax disputes for the low-income working individuals.There is a clash between Bush and his conservative party counterparts, especially one by the House majority leader, Rep. Tom Delay from Texas.He rejected the bill, which would have provided an increased child tax credit to around 6.5 low-income families.Delay cites that this tax-credit would only be approved if it were to be a part of a larger tax-cut bill--namely, the $8 billion bill that the House Republicans have revealed and will bring to the floor to discuss.This bill by the House Republicans came as a response that the projected deficit this year would exceed $400 billion, bringing it to the highest ever on record, according to the Congressional Budget Office.

The main reason for the speedy resolution of not only the resolution to this child tax cut bill but also to the prescription drug benefit to Medicare is to show that Bush's administration can pass bills in the face of partisan opposition.In doing so, strategists speculate that the Republicans hope to slow down, so to speak, the Democrats powerful campaign, heading to the 004 Presidential election.If Bush were to win the battle of the child tax cut bill, strategists say that it would nullify the Democrats attack on the Republican party--the one in which Republicans are said to be cold and heartless.Winning this bill would show that President Bush can be looked upon as being a compassionate conservative, one in which takes into account the situation of the masses and one who is willing to depart from the road of straight conservatism.Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, Rep. Thomas, hopes that the child tax credit will become permanent so that others will not try to use this bill as a way to garner support in the next election and to show that low-income families are indeed, important.

U.S. Won't Allow Iran Nukes

President Bush announced for the first time on June 18th that the United States and its allies will not tolerate construction of a nuclear weapon in Iran because it has been cited that Iran has violated and evaded inspections by the world's nuclear watchdog agency.Also, Bush hopes to be working with Allies to help intercept Iran and North Korea's ships and aircraft, which are anticipated to have nuclear weapons.U.S. officials who have closely studied and watched Iran and North Korea's nuclear activities, believe that the two countries are producing plutonium based weapons.Furthermore, the CIA believes that enough plutonium has been produced for two nuclear weapons, dating back to about 10 years.Another nuclear threat also by North Korea, was admitted by the country itself in October.North Korea stated that they had a second program which produced rich uranium in the laboratory.This statement is also backed up by the International Atomic Agency who received tips from other intelligent agencies in the United States and around the world.Adding to Bush's anti-nukes in Iran, is the fact that both Iran and North Korea have accelerated their nuclear arms programs in just a few short months, reported by the U.S. intelligence officials.

Citing that Iran could become very dangerous, President Bush wants the international community to come together to hault the threat of nuclear arms because of the danger it would cause everyone if Iran were to continue making nuclear nukes.However, President Bush was not specific on how he would go about implementing this strategy.The worry is that if Iran were to change governments, the new government would just implement the continued making of nuclear weapons.

Bush's Campaign Money Machine

Referred to most Republicans as the Bush juggernaut, President Bush will begin to raise money for the 004 election, starting with various fund-raisers.Example of fund-raisers include an event in Washington which costs $,000 per person with other fund-raisers held in California, Florida and New York.President Bush's goal is to raise twice the amount he did when he ran and won in the 000 election--$00 million this time, over the time frame of 18 months.Although most individuals who run for election start extremely early, Bush has the team to surpass any competition because of its methodological methods and extremely careful planning and abundant amount of fundraisers to boot.

Bush's aides want him to appear to above the competition by looking like the real commander-in-chief--meaning, limiting the loud arenas of pep rally events and just limiting Bush to doing fund raisers.One big strategy for the Republicans is the large state of California. Notoriously won by democrats in many past elections and won by Al Gore in the 000 election, many of Bush's strategists know that he become reelected in 004 without winning California but they know that the Democrats can't win without it.The strategy is to force the Democrats to spend a lot of time and effort into winning the state of California in the next election, thus proving beneficial to the Republican party, who can then focus on other states which would help secure a republican in the next presidential election. A clear won majority of the popular vote would definitely solidify Bush's credibility in the presidential seat, especially after the scandal of 000 when he lost the popular vote to Al Gore.

Jason Bernaldo

800-1000

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