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Everyday, when you get up in the morning, you keep doing the thing you always do¡ go to bathroom, wash your face, put on your cloth, finish you breakfast in seconds¡ But how many of you have ever though about what exactly you are doing, or why you do that, what will happen after you do those things.
Nobody really cares about those. They just say those are the things that you have to do. Human body is the most amazing thing in the world.Once they really understand what's going on, they will say¡± WoW! ¡± To tell you the truth, it is all about Chemistry. Here is some research I did for chemistry in human body, let's say ¡°WoW¡± together.
In our life the most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen and oxygen built up water, which is the most important compound in life. In human body, 7% is water. Earth the planet we are living on is often called the water planet because about 70 percent of it is covered by water. Water is transparent which allows light to filter into the oceans. This allows for aquatic plants to absorb light and perform photosynthesis. Since the ancestor of all plants originated in the ocean, the transparency of water has had an immeasurable influence on life as we know it. Water is also cohesive, that is it binds to itself, due to the polarity of the water molecule. The positive, hydrogen side of the molecule binds to the negative, oxygen side of another water molecule. This bond is called a hydrogen bond thus, a glass of water could be considered one giant molecule, because all of the water molecules inside of it are bonded to one another. This property allows for transport of water against gravity in plants. Water is the universal solvent because it is capable of dissolving many organic and inorganic particles. All the reactions in cells must take place in aqueous solution. Waters polarity also inhibits movement of its molecules. Since all the molecules are connected, they cannot freely move about as other, nonpolar molecules do. Heat, the kinetic energy of molecules, is thus restricted and so water has a high specific heat (it must absorb large amounts of energy in order to change states). This means that water can serve as a temperature insulator, and does so in organisms of all kinds. For example, our bodies use water in for of sweat to lower body temperature. The sweat absorbs a large amount of heat, and then evaporates carrying that heat away from the body.
Also there is a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms including nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium. Nitrogen is a major element of proteins and nucleic acid (for DNA and RNA). Calcium is necessary for bone and tooth formation, blood clotting, and nerve impulse transmission. Phosphorus is also used for bone and tooth formation, and to balance acid and base concentrations in the body. Iron is a part of hemoglobin, a molecule needed to carry oxygen in the blood. Sodium balances both of water in the body and acid/base concentration. It also functions in nerve function.
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In our organic body, enzymes act a very important roll. An enzyme is a globular protein functioning as a biological catalyst. An active site is the site on the surface of an enzyme to which substrate or substrates bind. An enzyme has an active site that fits with one specific substrate, like a lock and key. Enzymes as Biological Catalysts In cells and organisms most reactions are catalyzed by enzymes, which are regenerated during the course of a reaction. These biological catalysts are physiologically important because they speed up the rates of reactions that would otherwise be too slow to support life. Enzymes increase reaction rates--- sometimes by as much as one million fold, but more typically by about one thousand fold. Catalysts speed up the forward and reverse reactions proportionately so that, although the magnitude of the rate constants of the forward and reverse reactions is are increased, the ratio of the rate constants remains the same in the presence or absence of enzyme. Since the equilibrium constant is equal to a ratio of rate constants, it is apparent that enzymes and other catalysts have no effect on the equilibrium constant of the reactions they catalyze. Enzymes increase reaction rates by decreasing the amount of energy required to form a complex of reactants that is competent to produce reaction products. This complex is known as the activated state or transition state complex for the reaction. Enzymes and other catalysts accelerate reactions by lowering the energy of the transition state. The free energy required to form an activated complex is much lower in the catalyzed reaction. The amount of energy required to achieve the transition state is lowered; consequently, at any instant a greater proportion of the molecules in the population can achieve the transition state. The result is that the reaction rate is increased.For all enzymes, there is an optimum temperature at which the maximum amount of collisions occur in the active sites. As the temperature decreases, there is less movement and fewer collisions, so enzyme activity decreases. There is a limit to which the enzyme activity can increase because at a certain temperature the enzymes denature. This means that the enzyme changes shape and no longer fits with its substrate. Also, as the substrate concentration increases, so does the enzyme activity, but there is also a limit to the increase in enzyme activity because there is a limit to how quickly the enzymes can catalyze each reaction. There is a specific pH at which the enzyme will denature, and so pH also plays a part in enzymatic activity. Enzymes are found in all tissues and fluids of the body. Intracellular enzymes catalyze the reactions of metabolic pathways. Plasma membrane enzymes regulate catalysis within cells in response to extra cellular signals, and enzymes of the circulatory system are responsible for regulating the clotting blood. Almost every significant life process is dependent on enzyme activity. Now you can see the importance of enzyme.
At last let's talk about the most important system in human body¡ªthe nerve system. Basically it is about the concentration of Ca+ and K+ in you neuron, to produce a electric potential. The electric potential passes down to synapse, open the calcium channel to let the calcium ion flow into the presynaptic neuron. The calcium ions induce the neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse to the presynaptic membrane. Neurotransmitters bind to neurotransmitter receptors on the post-synaptic membrane. This depolarizes the membrane and induces an action potential in the post synaptic neuron. The neurotransmitters are finally released by the neurotransmitter receptors and are either broken down by acetyl cholinesterase on the post synaptic membrane, or taken back up into the presynaptic neuron. The calcium that transferred created a new electric potential that pass on.
Amazing, isn't it? Studying chemistry will let you see how the world is going, what is happening. And also let you to know yourself better. Everything happening around you, around the world, is basically chemistry. So it makes chemistry one of the most important science subjects of all!
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