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I am going to discuss three poems on the subject or war and suffering, 'Vitai
Lampada', 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' and 'As the Teams Head Brass'. Each
one of these poems describe war, death and suffering in different ways, with the two
pre 114 poems portraying war as an honourable and brave act. The post 114 poem
Do my essay on What attitudes to war and suffering are presented by the Poets in the poems you have studied? CHEAP !
describes war and suffering as chaotic and miserable, a much more melancholy tone
than the other two poems.
In 'Vitai Lampada', one of the pre 114 poems, Henry Newbolt sets the scene as a group of young public school boys playing a game of cricket. One of the teams is in a desperate position in the game, with only one batsman left.
'Ten to make and the match to win,
A bumping pitch and a blinding light,
An hour to play and the last man in.'
Also in the first stanza, Newbolt talks of winning a game of cricket against the odds, not just for personal glory but because it is necessary to 'Play up! and play the game'. Tension builds in the first stanza and Newbolt stresses this even more with words like 'breathless' and 'hush'.
'A bumping pitch and a blinding light,
An hour to play and the last man in.'
Middle way through the first stanza, Newbolt tries to explain how closely linked a cricket game and war was.
'And its not for the sake of a ribboned coat,
Or the selfish hope of a seasons fame,'
Henry Newbolt explains how the last man in bat is not playing for his own fame, but to honour his team and especially the captain. This is very similar to war, as a soldier would fight for 'King and Country' or his platoon and those in command. The soldier would show no selfishness at all, just like the last man in bat. The title of the poem 'Vitai Lampada', which sounds just like a school motto, means 'The Torch of Life'. This could mean that a light is leading the team to win the game and success in the future.
In the second stanza the scene moves from a school cricket game to a desperate situation on the battlefield. The men are rallied by the same sentiment, the need to 'Play up! and play the game'. The words in the second stanza in contrast to the first are much more vivid, 'sodden red', 'wrecked' and gives you much more to think about.
' And the regiment blind with dust and smoke.
The river of death has brimmed his banks'
In the second stanza Newbolt personifies one of the lines to give the effect of that it is actually real. The way Henry Newbolt describes the 'river of death' makes one dream up a picture of a torrent of gushing blood, and 'blind with dust and smoke' is just a field with nothing but gaze all around and bangs happening everywhere. It is noticeable in the second stanza the vivid way the lines are wrote.
'Red with the wreck of a square that broke
The Gatlings jammed and the Colonel dead,'
The third stanza is basically setting the moral standards and how one should act their life out. It is as if the words 'Play up! play up! and play the game' are to be passed down for succeeding generations to live by. The contrasts of being in a cricket game and being on the battlefield in this poem are closely linked in various ways. An obvious link between the two is the phrase 'Play up! play up! and play the game.' Also the boys playing cricket seem to put just about the same effort into a cricket game as they do while fighting on the battlefield, which shows how much being part of a team and gaining honour meant.
'The Charge of the Light Brigade' is also about honour and portrays war as bravery, honour and leadership, just as Vitai Lampada is. Tennyson wrote the poem to honour a group of men who were ambushed in a valley, after their general had given them incorrect orders.Alfred, Lord Tennyson uses gripping and powerful words to highlight the amount of dismay and bewilderment the soldiers experienced. All through the poem many words and lines are repeated to stress. The point of this in the first stanza is to build up tension.
'Half a league, half a league,
Half a league onward,'
The rhythm of the poem also, adds to texture of the poem and emphasis, as it is a dactylic rhythm in the flow of a galloping horse. Also at the ends of the lines Tennyson uses a lot of exclamation marks, simply to add more tension. A line that is used a number of times is ' The valley of death', this line is a very common line in songs, television and radio as it is in the bible and Tennyson simply echoed the line from the bible.
In the second stanza is a triplet of rhyming lines which Tennyson seems to have carefully placed to show his admiration.
'Theirs not to make reply,
Theirs not to reason why,
Theirs but to do and die'
Through the poem, many biblical illusions are used, in the intent to imply that the soldiers have got their reward, by going to heaven.
'Into the jaws of Death,
Into the mouth of Hell'
'Into the valley of Death'
The attitudes to war from this poem are that it was not just brave to join up and fight in the treacherous conditions but it was an honour to yourself, your family and your country. Although Tennyson describes war as terrible and fighting, he still seems to make it seem as if it would be much advisable to join up and honour your country.
'Cannon to right of them,
Cannon to left of them,
Cannon behind them'
The repetition of 'cannon' makes the reader have a vivid view of how dangerous this attack was and how they had been simply ordered to their death. The many monosyllabic verbs suggest that the battlefield was simply chaos and sodden with blood.
'Plunged in the battery-smoke'
'Stormd at with shot and shell,'
In the penultimate stanza Tennyson suggests that all the men are dying.
'They that had fought so well
Came thro the jaws of Death
Back from the mouth of Hell,
All that was left of them,
Left of six hundred.'
This poem shows an attitude of pure devotion of the soldiers to their general and to fighting for their country. Although the soldiers knew their death was near they still had the courage and honour to carry on fighting till their death.
In Thomas' poem , 'As the Team's Head Brass', he creates a vivid image of an isolated country scene. The theme of the poem is initially about a place in the countryside where a man is ploughing the fields and it is not as clear as 'Vitai Lampada' and 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' that it is actually a war poem. The poem is a post 114 war poem written by Edward Thomas. Unlike the two jingoistic pre 114 poems 'As the Team's Head Brass' is much more melancholy and describes war, not as honourable but simply chaos.
'One of my mates is dead. The second day
In France they killed him. It was back in March,'
Right from the first stanza, the word 'flashed' is used and this from the start is making one think it is a really dramatic poem. The first stanza though mainly is about the subject of those who did not fight in the war for whatever reason. The beautiful scene which Thomas sets his poem in to start with is obviously in contrast to the war with its man-made destruction, so it is just exactly the opposite. Thomas uses the phrase 'fallen elm' tree as a symbol to those soldiers who died. This is simply because fallen was a very common phrase for those who died in the war.
In the second stanza, Edward Thomas describes a dialogue between the ploughman and the poet. The ploughman and the poem have not gone to war but have stayed in Britain. The ploughman was most likely spared war service as ploughmen's were vital workers at the time of the war. However the poet is simply being cowardly, and is embarrassed that he is scared to go out to war. The poet seems very tense, also, when he is speaking to the ploughman.
'Have you been out?''No.'
Also the ploughman is always working, maybe trying to take his mind off of the fact that he is not out at war serving for 'King and Country' but helping the war efforts in his view not as much. The ploughman does not have many people helping him because they are either fighting in the war or they have already been killed.
'Only two teams work on the farm this year.
One of my mates is dead.'
This poem unlike 'The Charge of the Light Brigade', does not seem to have a regular rhythm or beat, however the words have a flowing nature. Also noticeable is the way that at the end of a lot of the lines monosyllabic words are used. This may have something to do with the simple, relaxed mood of the poem.
'As the teams head-brass flashed out on the turn
The lovers disappeared into the wood.
I sat among the boughs of the fallen elm'
This poem is much more melancholy than the pre 114 poems which obviously shows how the attitude of war changed in extreme amounts before and after 114. The happy, jingoistic way the pre 114 poems are wrote, changes to a sad, melancholy poem. Obviously it was not thought as highly now if one fought in the war.
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