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Many revolutionary leaders were involved in driving the American Revolution forward. But one that decisively influenced the important aspect of revolutionary struggle against Britain is Samuel Adams .As Samuel Adams was the first American statesman to come to the conclusion that independence was the only remedy for the troubles of the colonies. He believed that the British were plotting to reduce all Americans to slavery, and he played a leading part in building up resistance to their rule.
Samuel Adams contribution in the American revolution included as one of the major leader and activist in the American Revolution, led protest against stamp Act, as the founder of the radical movement the Sons of Liberty, the writer of the rights of the colonists, principal organizer of the Boston Tea Party, member of the Continental Congress, signatory of the Declaration of Independence.
From the beginning, he showed a firm resistance to parliaments taxing the colonies without their consent. He clearly showed his opposition to Sugar Act by denouncing it and being one of the first of colonials to cry out against taxation without representation. He was the member of the sons of liberty, a radical movement in which leaders like Patrick Henry, John Hancock and Joseph Warren were also members of it. Their motto "no taxation with representation" became the phrase of the time. He believed that colonist should have the same rights as the freeborn Englishmen. He described the rights of the colonist as the following
"Among the natural rights of the colonists are these first, a right to life; secondly, to liberty; thirdly to property; together with the right to support and defend them in the best manner they can." It is important to notice that the idea of the rights of the freeborn man in which Samuel Adams believed was one the key element in keeping the spirit of revolution alive.
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Samuel Adams drafted the instructions, which were the first public protest in America against the right of Parliament to tax the colonies. He drafted the instructions given by the town of Boston to its newly chosen representatives in regard to Greenville's proposed Stamp Act. He also played an important part in arousing the Stamp Act riots in Boston.In 1765, he was elected to the legislature, where he remained until 1774, officiating as clerk of the house. As clerk of the house, Adams had his eye on everything, and his hand entered into numerous resolutions. On the passage of the Townshend Acts in 1767, Adams wrote the petition of the Massachusetts legislature to the king, the letter of instructions to their agent in England, and the circular letter addressed to the other colonies, inviting their aid in the defense of the common rights of Americans. This circular letter especially enraged the King, which created a rift between mother country and the Colonies. He organized opposition to the Townshend Acts in 1767.
He helped form the Non-Importation Association of 1768.In 176 Adams assumed the leadership of Massachusetts radicals. Adams next worked on setting up a network for revolutionaries. On November , 177, the Boston Town Meeting established a committee of correspondence for circulating information and coordinating efforts. This achievement by Adams basically established the structure for an underground rebellion state government and provided the blueprint for other colonies. Adams used the Hutchinson Letters Affair in 177 to stir up further discontent against the states royal government including Royal Governor Hutchinson. The letters had urged tougher policies on the colonies by England. In 1774, he became the leader of radical factions that demanded strong measure against Great Britain.
Samuel Adams led the colonial resistance to British trade regulations. He was a natural rebel. "If I am to have a master; he wrote, let me have a sever one.I shall be constantly disposed to taking the first fair opportunity of riding myself of his tyranny". He favored rebellion and organized opposition to British policies. He headed the demonstration the led to Boston Massacre, which was used as masterpiece propaganda for creating hatred against the mother country.
To make the British aware of the unfairness of the tea duty imposed on the colonist because of bankruptcy of East India company, Samuel Adams organized a meeting in which he asked for three tea-laden ships to leave immediately. Governor Hutchinson refused his request. Adams banged his gavel three times and declared " this meeting can do nothing more to save the country." It was the signal for direct action.Samuel Adams with a group friends dressed as Indians dumped a shipload of the East India Company's tea into the Boston harbor. The importance of this single act of rebellion was not lost on the moderate politician John Adams who said," The people should never do rise without doing something to be remembered, something notable and striking. This destruction of the tea is so bold, so daring, so firm, intrepid and inflexible, it must have important consequences." The "Boston Tea Party" angered the British who viewed it as pure destructiveness and open disregard of British authority. A more radical patriot leader Josiah Quincy, Jr. has predicted that the event now being called the tea "Boston Tea Party' will lead to "the most trying and terrific struggle this country ever saw." The point is that Samuel Adams was behind the Tea Party incident which created a huge rift between the mother country and the Colonies and made the revolution more likely to occur.To assert England's authority over the colonies, parliament has passed the Boston Port Bill, closing the harbour until the colonists agree to pay for the ruined tea.
When the British closed Boston harbor and annulled the charter of Massachusetts in response to the Boston Tea Party, all the colonies became alarmed. Through the inter-colonial committees of correspondence, Massachusetts was invited to take the lead in assembling the first meeting of the continental congress. Samuel Adams managed this work with his accustomed shrewdness and daring. When the legislature met at Salem on June 17, 1774, in conformity with the new Acts of Parliament, he locked the door, put the key into his pocket and carried through the measures for assembling a congress at Philadelphia in September. A Tory member, feigning sudden illness, was allowed to go out and ran straight to the governor with the news. The governor lost no time in drawing up a writ dissolving the legislature, but when his clerk reached the hall he found the door locked and could not serve the writ. When the business was accomplished the legislature adjourned. It was the last Massachusetts legislature assembled in obedience to the sovereign authority of Great Britain.
But it was not in his legislative capacity alone, that Mr. Adams exhibited his hostility to the British government, and his regard for rational freedom. He was also a propagandist who was not overscrupulous in his attacks upon British officials and policies. In many newspapers letters and essays over various signatures, he described British measures and the behaviour of royal governors, judges, and customs men in the darkest colour. Several essays on these subjects were published by him; and he was the author of several plans for opposing, more successfully, the unjust de-signs of the mother country. Many of his writing were widely read and circulated. His newspaper articles inveighed reconciliation with Great Britain. He won many converts for radical cause and generally deepened the mood for revolutionary action. He has the honour of having suggested the first congress at New-York, which prepared the way for a Continental Congress, ten years after; and at length for the union and confederacy of the colonies.
Adams and his cousin John Adams were delegates to the first continental congress. For the next nine years, Samuel Adams took an active and important part in the work of the congress. Probably no other man did so much as he did to bring about the declaration of independence. He stirred mens souls, he dared when others teetered, he inspired when others weakened. He was the first American leader to deny parliament's authority over the Colonies; and he was also one of the firstcertainly by 1744 to establish independence as the proper goal. The fact that he played many different roles in making the revolution successful really distinguishes him from the rest of the revolutionary leaders. He played a major role as a patriot activist like the other radical activists such as Patrick Henry and all the rest. He also contributed to the success of revolution as a good writer like the other leading writers such as Thomas Paine. George Washington was the leader of the army, but still we can't undermine the role of Samuel Adams in creating riots and violent opposition against British. He was also involved in making propagandas against Britain. So it wasn't just one particular aspect or activity of pre-revolutionary struggle that he influenced, he influenced many important aspect of it.
Over the period of time in history, Samuel Adams has been considered the Father of revolution. John Adams described him as a modest and virtuous man. Although some historians like John C. Millers, has portrayed him as a vengeful leader wracked with envy and desiring to build a political movement by whatever deceitful means might be necessary. The most popular journalism history text, The Press and America by Emery and Emery, provides the conventional view Adams never forgot that his father had been ruined by [restrictive credit] laws and that he had thereby been cheated of his patrimony.... Somehow, Adams had to whittle the aristocrat down to size. Emery and Emery have Adams, out of pique, supposedly writing smear attacks that attempted to arouse the masses -- the real shock troops -- by instilling hatred of enemies.
A reading of Adams collected letters shows that, if The Press and America appraisal is correct, Adams lied not only to his enemies but to his friends as well. Unlike Michael Deaver and other recent public relations puppeteers, Adams told his friends that attempts to use cynical means to produce supposedly worthy ends were not only wrong but counter-productive Neither the wisest constitution nor the wisest laws secure the liberty and happiness of a people whose manners are universally corrupt.If Adams was a man bent on destruction, it is curious that he was so critical of the politically arousing Stamp Act attack on the home of royal governor Thomas Hutchinson, which he called an action of a truly mobbish Nature.
Furthermore, if Samuel Adams was a loose cannon, it is also peculiar that he spent more space in many of his columns defining the limits of protest than egging on his followers. Adams strong sense of lawfulness is indicated by his thinking concerning two protests, those following the Stamp Act demonstrations of August, 1765, and that which culminated in the Boston Tea Party of 177. Adams backed the former action because legislative methods and petitions already had failed; the House of Commons would not listen so the demonstration was the only Method whereby they could make known their Objections to Measures.He was willing to justify violent opposition to Britain if all else failed. Adams also planned the Tea Party, but made it clear that nothing except tea was to be destroyed; when the patriots dressed as Indians accidentally broke a padlock, they later replaced it.
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